The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE to protect him in his afterlife.
History
The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Lintong County, outside Xi’an, Shaanxi, China. The figures vary in height according to their rank, with the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, and horses. Estimates suggest the three pits containing the Terracotta Army hold over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses. The construction of the Terracotta Army took place from 246 BC to 208 BC, involving 720,000 workers.
Cultural Significance
The Terracotta Army is considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It represents the power, authority, and imperial legacy of China’s First Emperor, Qin Shi Huang. The figures are an iconic symbol of Chinese history and culture, showcasing the artistic and military achievements of the Qin Dynasty.
Preservation
The preservation of the Terracotta Army’s bronze weapons has been a subject of scientific study. Initially, it was believed that a chromium oxide layer on the weapons was an ancient anti-rust technology. However, recent studies suggest that the chromium found on the bronze surfaces is contamination from lacquer on adjacent objects, and the preservation is due to the soil’s chemical composition. Efforts to protect the Terracotta Warriors include on-site conservation, using menthol to protect the lacquer and colorful paintings, and adhering to the principle of minimum intervention.